Central idea of keeping quiet
Central Idea of An Elementary school classroom in a slum
Central idea of My Mother At Sixty-Six
Central ideia of Aunt Jennifer's tigers
Central idea of My Mother At Sixty-Six
Central Idea of the Poem
The poem has been written in lyrical idiom and brings out the complexity of human relations. The central idea of the poem is 'ageing' which is the eternal law of nature. The poetess had gone to meet her mother whose pale face made her realise that her mother is getting old. The poetess becomes really upset. The poetess also mentions the close relationship which a mother and a daughter share. While going away from her mother who has grown old, poetess gets deeply saddened.
यह कविता एक गीतात्मक मुहावरे के रूप में लिखी गई है तथा मानवीय सम्बन्धों की जटिलता को दर्शाती है। कविता का केन्द्रीय भाव 'आयु वृद्धि' है जो प्रकृति का शाश्वत नियम है। कवयित्री अपनी माँ से मिलने गई हुई थी जिनका पीला चेहरा देखकर उन्हें यह आभास हुआ कि उनकी माँ अत्यन्त वृद्ध हो गईं थी। इस बात से कवयित्री बहुत उदास हो जाती है। कवयित्री माँ और बेटी के करीबी रिश्ते का भी उल्लेख करती है। कवियत्री अपनी माँ जो बूढ़ी हो चुकी हैं से दूर जाते समय अत्यधिक दुःखी हो जाती है।
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
"Driving from my parent's home to Cochin last Friday morning, I saw my mother, beside me doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that of a corpse and realised with pain that she was as old as she looked ..."
1. Name the poem and the poetess.
कविता एवं कवि का नाम लिखिए।
Ans. The name of the poem is, 'My Mother at Sixty-Six' and the poetess is Kamala Das.
2. Where was the poetess driving to?
कवयित्री गाड़ी से कहाँ जा रही थी?
Ans. The poetess was driving from her parents' home to Cochin airport on a Friday morning.
3. What did she notice about her mother? कवयित्री ने अपनी माँ के विषय में क्या देखा?
Ans. The poetess noticed that her mother was sleeping with her mouth open and the mother's face has the colour of ash, just like that of a dead body.
4. Why was her mother's face looking like that of a corpse? कवयित्री की माँ का चेहरा एक मृत शरीर के चेहरे जैसा क्यों दिख रहा था?
Ans. Her mother's face had lost all its glow and colour of youth due to ageing. It looked pale, faded and nearly lifeless. That was why it was looking like a corpse's face.
I saw my mother, beside me, doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that of a corpse and realised with pain that she was as old as she looked but soonput that thought away...........
1. What worried the poetess when she looked at her mother?
जब कवयित्री ने अपनी माँ की तरफ देखा तो उसे किस कारण से चिन्ता हुई?
Ans. Her mother looked pale and faded, just like a corpse, which worried the poetess. This indicated that her mother may die very soon.
2. Why was there pain in her realisation?
कवयित्री को जो आभास हुआ, उससे उसे पीड़ा क्यों हुई?
Ans. The poetess felt pain in the realisation that she would not see her mother again, as she may die soon.
3. Why did she put that thought away? उन्होंने वह विचार अपने मस्तिष्क से क्यों दूर कर दिया?
Ans. The poetess put that thought away because she got distracted from driving the car by thinking about her mother's impending death.
4. Identify the figure of speech used in these lines.
इन पंक्तियों में प्रयुक्त किए गए अलंकार को पहचानिए ।
Ans. Simile is used in these lines when the colour of her mother's face is ashen, like that of a corpse.
5. Who does 'I' refer to?
'I' यहाँ किसके लिए प्रयुक्त हुआ है?
Ans. I is used for the poetess, Kamala das
...... but soon put that thought away, and looked out at young trees sprinting, the merry children spilling out of their homes,...
1. What thought did the poetess put away?
कवयित्री ने किस विचार को दूर किया?
Ans. The poetess realised that her mother had become very old and was pale and lifeless like a dead body. She put this disturbing thought away from her mind.
2. Why are the young trees described as sprinting? छोटे वृक्षों को दौड़ते हुए क्यों कहा गया है?
Ans. The car was moving when the poetess looked outside at the trees. They appeared to be 'sprinting' because the car was speeding past in the opposite direction.
3. How do you know that the joyful scene did not help file her drive away that thought' from her mind? आप कैसे पता लगा सकते हैं कि उस आनन्दमय दृश्य ने कवयित्री के मन से 'उस विचार' का दूर करने में सहायता नहीं की?
Ans. We know that the joyful scene did not help her to drive away that thought from her mind because, when she had to bid goodbye to her mother at the airport, she fell short of words and could only say. "See you soon, Amma."
"But after the airport's security check, standing a few yards away, I looked again at her, wan, pale as a late winter's moon."
1. Who went for security check and who is 'her' in the above lines?
सुरक्षा जाँच के लिए कौन गया एवं ऊपर दी गई पंक्तियों में 'वह' कौन हैं?
Ans. The poetess, Kamala Das, went for security check at the airport. 'Her' in the above lines refers to the poetess's mother.
2. What does the poetess compare her mother's face to and why?
कवयित्री अपनी माँ के चेहरे की तुलना किससे एवं क्यों करती है?
Ans. The poetess compares her mother's face to a late winter's moon. Just as a late winter's moon' looks colourless and dull because of mist and fog, the poetess's mother's face looks pale and lacks brightness due to old age.
3. Explain late winter's moon'.
‘शीत ऋतु की रात्रि के चन्द्रमा' की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Ans. Late winter's moon' refers to the moon during the late winter season, which appears pale and lustreless because of mist and fog. The poetess has compared her mother's face to the late winter's moon because it seems to have lost all its shine.
I looked again at her, wan, pale as a late winter's moon and felt that old familiar ache, my childhood's fear, .... but all I said was see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile and smile
1. Who is her"? 'वह' कौन है?
Ans.'Her' refers to the mother.
2. What was the poetess's childhood fear? कवयित्री के बचपन का भय क्या था?
Ans. The childhood fear was that of losing her mother.
3. What were the poetess's parting words? कवयित्री के विदाई के समय के शब्द क्या थे?
Ans. The poetess's parting words were, "See you soon, Amma", suggesting hope to herself and her mother that they will meet again.
4. What does the repeated use of the word, 'smile' mean?
शब्द 'मुस्कान' के बार-बार किए गए उपयोग का क्या तात्पर्य है?
Ans. Repeated use of the word 'smile' depicts a long and cheerful (but pretended) smile. The poetess smiled for a long time to make her mother happy.
Central Idea of An Elementary school classroom in a slum
02 An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum
Central Idea of the Poem
Stephen Spender has presented a true picture of the life of the school children living in the slum. The children are in a very miserable condition due to their poverty and illiteracy. They are depressed and their pale faces express sadness. They are physically very weak and undernourished. Spender voices his concern for these children who live all their life in slums and have no opportunity to enjoy the real blessings of life. He makes a appeal to the educated and affluent sections of the society to help them to improve the education facilities and living conditions of these childrens.
स्टीफन स्पेण्डर ने झुग्गी/बस्ती में रहने वाले स्कूली बच्चों के जीवन का वास्तविक चित्रण प्रस्तुत किया है। यहाँ बच्चे गरीबी और निरक्षरता के कारण बहुत ही दयनीय स्थिति में हैं। वे उदास हैं और उनके पीले चेहरे दुःख व्यक्त कर रहे थे। वे शारीरिक रूप से बहुत दुर्बल हैं और कुपोषित हैं। स्पेण्डर इन बच्चों के प्रति अपनी चिन्ता व्यक्त करते हैं, जो अपना पूरा जीवन मलिन बस्तियों में व्यतीत करते हैं और उनके पास जीवन की सुखदायक वस्तुओं का आनन्द लेने का कोई अवसर नहीं है। वे समाज के शिक्षित और समृद्ध वर्गों से विनती करते हैं कि वे इन बच्चों की शिक्षण सुविधा और रहन-सहन की स्थितियों में सुधार करने में इनकी सहायता करें।
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Far far from gusty waves these children's faces. Like rootless weeds, the hair torn round their pallor: The tall girl with her weighed-down head.
1. Who are these children?
ये बच्चे कौन है?
Ans. These children are the poor children who live in the slum.
2. What does the poet mean by 'gusty waves'?
‘Gusty waves' से कवि का क्या तात्पर्य है?
Ans. By 'Gusty waves' the poet means the beautiful sights of nature which are not visible in the slum.
3. What has possibly weighed down the tall girl's head?
लम्बी लड़की के सिर को सम्भवतः किसने बोझिल किया हुआ है?
Ans. The tall girl's head has possibly been weighed down by being burdened with sad thoughts about her misfortune, which is making her feel depressed.
4. Identify the figure of speech used in these lines.
इन पंक्तियों में प्रयुक्त अलंकार को पहचानें?
Ans. Simile is used in these lines when the unkempt hair is compared to rootless weeds.
"The stunted unlucky heir Of twisted bones, reciting a father's gnarled disease, His lesson, from his desk. At back of the dim class One unnoted, sweet and young. His eyes live in a dream,Of squirrel's game, in tree room, other than this."
1. Who is the 'unlucky heir"?
'दुर्भाग्यशाली उत्तराधिकारी' कौन है?
Ans. The boy who has a stunted growth with twisted bones, sitting in the slum school classroom, is the 'unlucky heir'.
2. What has he inherited?
उसे विरासत में क्या मिला है?
Ans. He has inherited the arthritis of his father; as result his growth remains stunted.
3. Who is sitting at the back of the dim class?
मन्द कक्षा में पीछे कौन बैठा है?
Ans. A sweet young boy is sitting at the back of the dim class. He is daydreaming of squirrels playing in a tree.
4. What quality of the unlucky heir is depicted in the stanza?
दुर्भाग्यशाली उत्तराधिकारी का क्या गुण छन्द में दर्शाया गया है?
Ans. The unlucky heir is depicted with twisted bones which he has inherited from his father, who suffers from arthritis.
5. What does the child want to enjoy?
बच्चा किसका आनन्द लेना चाहता है?
Ans. The child wants to enjoy seeing squirrels playing in the tree outside the classroom.
"On sour cream walls, donations. Shakespeare's head. Cloudless at dawn, civilised dome riding all cities.Belled, flowery, Tyrolese valley. Open-handed map Awarding the world its world."
1. How were the walls built?
दीवारे कैसे बनाई गई थी?
Ans. The walls were built with donations from various sources.
2. What do you find in the classroom?
आप कक्षा में क्या पाते हैं?
Ans. In the classroom we find malnourished children, one innocent sweet child, a picture of Shakespeare, a world map, a picture of a modern city and of the Tyrolese valley.
3. What is the significance of Tyrolese valley?
टाइरॉलीज घाटी का महत्त्व क्या है?
Ans. The significance of Tyrolese valley is a contrast to the condition of the classroom, as it is a place of beauty they have never seen or which is unknown to them. It can arouse in them a desire to be part of it.
4. What does the word 'belled' mean?
'Belled' शब्द का क्या अर्थ है?
Ans. The word 'belled' means either that the Tyrolese valley is in the shape of a bell or that there are bells around the grazing cows in the valley.
"And yet, for these Children, these windows, not this map, their world,Where all their future is painted with fog,A narrow street sealed in with a lead sky Far far from rivers, capes and stars of words."
1. Who are the 'children' referred to here?
यहाँ पर सन्दर्भित 'बच्चे' कौन हैं?
Ans. The children' referred to here are the poor children living in the slum.
2. Which is their world?
उनकी दुनिया कौन-सी है?
Ans. Their world is the dull and unpleasant classroom and its windows amongst the dirty surroundings of the slum.
3. How is their life different from that of other children?
उनका जीवन अन्य बच्चों से किस प्रकार भिन्न है?
Ans. The children of the slum are emaciated and poverty-stricken, as against the other children who are healthy and have all the comforts and luxuries of life. The life of the slum children is filled with darkness and hopelessness.
4. Why is the future of these children 'painted with a fog?
इन बच्चों के भविष्य को कोहरे से क्यों चित्रित किया गया है?
Ans. The future of these children is dark and uncertain, meaning that it cannot be seen. So, the poet says that it is 'painted with a fog."
5. Which map is the poet talking about in the above lines?
कवि उपरोक्त पंक्तियों में किस मानचित्र के बारे में बात कर रहा है?
Ans. The poet is talking about the map of the world hung in the classroom.
6. What sort of future do the slum children
have?
मलिन बस्तियों के बच्चों का भविष्य कैसा है?
Ans. The slum children have a dark and uncertain future.
"With ships and sun and love tempting them to steal For lives that slyly turn in their cramped holes From fog to endless night?"
1. Who are them' referred to in the first line?
पहली पंक्ति में उन्हें कहकर किसे सम्बोधित किया गया है?
Ans. "Them' here refers to the poor, emaciated children of the slum.
2. What tempts them?
उन्हें क्या लुभाता है?
Ans. They are tempted by all the beautiful things of the world, the luxuries and the lifestyle that the rich enjoy. They are tempted to steal them, as they cannot possess these otherwise.
3. What does the poet say about their lives?
कवि 'उनके' जीवन के बारे में क्या कहता है?
Ans. The children of the slum live amidst dirty surroundings in cramped houses which are dark and unpleasant. The poet is not happy with the way these children are compelled to live.
4. What do you understand by 'From fog to endless night'?
From fog to endless night' से आप क्या समझते है?
Ans. From fog to endless night' means from morning till night. The poor children of the slum have a miserable existence; they suffer from morning to night everyday.
On their slag heap, these childrenWear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones.
1. Name the poem and the poet.
कविता और कवि का नाम बताइए।
Ans. The poem is 'An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum' and the poet is Stephen Spender.
2. Which image is used to describe the poverty of these children?
इन बच्चों की गरीबी का वर्णन करने के लिए किस प्रतीक का उपयोग किया गया है?
Ans. The images used to describe the poverty of these children are 'skins peeped through by bones' and 'spectacles of steel with mended glass'.
3. What sort of life do these children lead? ये बच्चे किस तरह का जीवन जीते हैं?
Ans. The children of the slum lead a life with dirty surroundings in cramped houses which are dark, unpleasant and foggy, meaning that they have 'dim' future.
4. Identify and name the figure of speech used in line 3.
पंक्ति 3 में प्रयुक्त अलंकार को पहचानें और उसका नाम बताएँ।
Ans. The figure of speech used in line 3 is a simile, as the mended glass is compared with bits of bottles.
"Break 0 break open till they break the town And show the children to green fields, and make their world Run azure on gold sands, and let their tongues Run naked into books the white and green leaves open History theirs whose language is the sun."
1. What is meant by 'Break O break"?
'ब्रेक ओ ब्रेक' से क्या अभिप्राय है?
Ans. The poet wants to bring these children out of their filthy surroundings. He wants them to break the shackles that this slum has put on them, so that they can see the outside world.
2. Who are 'they'?
“They' कहकर किसे सम्बोधित किया गया है?
Ans. They' refers to the poor, emaciated children of the slum.
3. What does the poet want for them?
कवि उनके लिए क्या चाहता है?
Ans. The poet wants that these children should be properly educated, because, according to him, history is written by those whose language has the energy and warmth of the sun.
4. Explain "Till they break the town'.
“Till they break the town' की व्याख्या करें।
Ans. The poet wishes the children to break the shackles of the slum so that they can come out of their dirty surroundings into an open area of freedom.
03 Keeping Quiet
Central idea of keeping quiet
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
Central Idea of the Poem
In this poem, Pablo Neruda has emphasised the importance of introspection. Man has become very selfish and his own actions cause him many miseries. The world today stands divided by the man-made boundaries of caste, creed, race, religion, language, culture, nationality and geographicail divisions. We need to rise above these small issues and look at the larger picture. The poet talks about the necessity of creating a feeling of mutual understanding among human beings and discusses the need of maintaining peace.
इस कविता में, पाब्लो नरुडा ने आत्म-विश्लेषण के महत्त्व पर बल दिया है। मनुष्य अत्यधिक स्वार्थी हो गया है एवं उसे अपने कर्मों के कारण परेशानियों का सामना करना पड़ता है। आज के समय में, संसार, जाति, सम्प्रदाय, वर्ग, धर्म, भाषा, संस्कृति, राष्ट्रीयता एवं भौगोलिक विभाजनों की मानव निर्मित सीमाओं में बँटा हुआ है। हमें इन तुच्छ विवादों (मानसिकताओं) से ऊपर उठकर उच्च लक्ष्यों पर ध्यान देने की आवश्यकता है। कवि मनुष्यों में आपसी समझ की भावना पैदा करने एवं शान्ति स्थापित करने की आवश्यकता के विषय में चर्चा करता है।
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow
"Now we will count to twelve and we will all keep still. For once on the face of the Earth let's not speak in any language, let's stop for one second, and not move our arms so much."
1. Name the poem and the poet.
कविता एवं कवि का नाम लिखिए।
Ans. The poem is 'Keeping Quiet', and the poet is Pablo Neruda.
2. How long does the poet want to stay still?
कवि कितनी देर तक स्थिर रहना चाहता है?
Ans. The poet urges each one of us to count upto twelve and remain still for one second.
3. What does he hope to achieve by keeping quiet?
मौन रहकर कवि क्या प्राप्त करने की आशा करता है?
Ans. The poet hopes that by keeping quiet we will get an opportunity to introspect. The strange stillness will give a feeling of togetherness.
4. What does the poet mean by 'not move our arms so much'?
कवि का 'not move our arms so much' से क्या तात्पर्य है?
Ans. The poet wants us not to move our arms so much because physical activity leads to stopping our introspection. Not moving our arms also suggests stopping all kinds of violence.
5. What is the significance of the number 'twelve'?
अंक 'बारह' का क्या महत्त्व है?
Ans. The significance of the number 'twelve' is that there are 12 hours in a clock and 12 months in an year. The poet wanted people to stay still as long as they could.
6. Describe the pun on the word, 'arms'. ‘आर्म्स' शब्द के द्विअर्थी प्रयोग का वर्णन कीजिए।
Ans. 'Arms' has two meanings-hands and weapons. So, the poet wants us to be still, i.e., not moving our hands, and also not fight, i.e., not use weapons.
"It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines, we would all be together in a sudden strangeness."
1. What would be an exotic moment? एक आकर्षक क्षण कौन-सा होगा?
Ans. The moment of stillness and quietness would be an 'exotie' moment.
2. Why would it be exotic?
वह क्षण आकर्षक क्यों होगा?
Ans. The moment will be exotic because it will initiate peace and brotherhood. In the strange moment there would be quietness all around.
3. What would be the result of all being together?
सबके एक साथ एकत्रित होने का क्या परिणाम होगा?
Ans. The result of all being together will be that there will be no discrimination, which will foster harmony and brotherhood.
4. Explain: 'sudden strangeness', sudden strangeness',
Ans. 'Sudden strangeness' means that it will be something unusual, as there is total silence and a moment of togetherness.
"Those who prepare green wars, wars with gas, wars with fire, victory with no survivors, in the shade, doing nothing."would put on clean clothes and walk about with their brothers,
1. Name the different kinds of war mentioned in the above lines. What does the poet mean by 'Green wars"?
ऊपर दी गई पंक्तियों में उल्लेखित विभिन्न युद्धों के नाम लिखिए। 'हरित युद्धों" से कवि का क्या तात्पर्य है?
Ans. Green wars i.e. wars against nature, wars with poisonous gases and wars with firearms are the different kinds of war. 'Green wars' means wars against the environment. Warring nations keep on developing new 'weapons' to wage war against the environment.
2. Explain 'victory with no survivors'.
'विजय जिसमें कोई जीवित नहीं रहा' की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Ans. The poet wants to convey the message that war brings destruction and leaves none to celebrate victory. No one can gain anything by waging wars.
3. What does the poet want the warmongers to do?
कवि के अनुसार युद्ध की आग भड़काने वाले लोगों को क्या करना चाहिए?
Ans. The poet wants the warmongers to put on clean clothes, the clean clothes symbolising shedding their evil ways, to make peace with their brothers.
4. Explain: 'wars with gas, wars with fire'wars with gas, wars with fire.
Ans. 'Wars with gas, wars with fire' refers to the new technologies that are used to fight with each other and which lead to total destruction.
"Fishermen in the cold seawould not harm whales and the man gathering salt would look at his hurt hands."
1. What does the poet expect of the fishermen and why?
कवि मछुआरों से क्या उम्मीद रखता है एवं क्यों?
Ans. The poet expects that, in the moment of stillness, the fishermen will get time to introspect. They would not harm the whales at that time.
2. What will the man gathering salt do? नमक एकत्रित करने वाले व्यक्ति क्या करेगा ?
Ans. The man gathering salt will stop for a while and tend to his wounded hands.
3. What do the hurt hands' imply?
'Hurt hands' का क्या अर्थ है?
Ans. 'Hurt hands' imply the destruction that humans have caused to themselves and the environment in pursuit of their selfish needs.
4. What should the fishermen not do? मछुआरों को कौन-सा कार्य नहीं करना चाहिए?
Ans. The fishermen should not hurt the whales in the sea.
"If we were not so single-minded about keeping our lives moving, and for once could do nothing, perhaps a huge silence might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves and of threatening ourselves with death."
1. Who does 'we' refer to in the above lines?
ऊपर दी गई पंक्तियों में 'हम' किसकी ओर संकेत करते हैं?
Ans. 'We' refers to the human beings who are always thinking about their own progress and advancement.
2. Why does the poet want us to 'do nothing' for once?
कवि क्यों चाहता है कि हम एक क्षण के लिए अपनी सारी गतिविधियां रोक दें एवं कुछ न करें।
Ans. The poet wants us to 'do nothing' for once so that our minds can be at peace and we are able to introspect and analyse our own actions..
3. What is the 'sadness' that the poet refers to in the poem?
वह 'उदासी' क्या है जिसकी ओर कवि अपनी कविता में संकेत करता है?
Ans. The poet refers to the 'sadness' which arises due to the fact that people fail to understand themselves. They have no time to introspect about their actions and their consequences.
4. How can a huge silence do good to us?
एक लम्बा मौन हमारी भलाई किस प्रकार कर सकता है?
Ans.A huge silence can do good to us because we are able to achieve peace in this silence. It helps us in analysing ourselves and our actions, interrupting the sadness of threatening ourselves with death.
"What I want should not be confused with total inactivity. Life is what it is about; I want no truck with death."
1. What should not be confused with 'total inactivity?
सम्पूर्ण निष्क्रियता का क्या गलत अर्थ नहीं निकाला जाना चाहिए?
Ans. Stillness and quietness should not be confused with total inactivity.
2. What is life' about?
'जीवन' किस बारे में है?
Ans. Life' is about living it to the fullest. It is not meant for wasting it by sitting idle.
3. Why does the poet say "I want no truck with death"?
कवि यह क्यों कहता है कि 'मैं मृत्यु से कोई सम्बन्ध (लेन-देन) नहीं चाहता?"
Ans. The poet clarifies that he wants no association with death. He is advocating stillness and quietness to introspect, not total inactivity or death.
4. What does the poet not want himself to be?
कवि स्वयं क्या बनना नहीं चाहता है?
Ans. The poet doesn't want himself to be confused with advocating total inactivity.
Perhaps the Earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive. Now I'll count up to twelve and you keep quiet and I will go".
1. What does the Earth teach us?
धरती (पृथ्वी) हमें क्या सिखाती है?
Ans. The Earth teaches us that there is life under apparent stillness. It means that we can still be alive even if we appear to be 'still' or 'calm'.
2. What does the poet mean to achieve by counting upto twelve?
बारह तक गिनती गिनने से कवि क्या प्राप्त करने की आशा करता है?
Ans. The poet wants to achieve peace by counting upto twelve. He wants us to introspect in a moment of silence.
3. What is the significance of 'keeping quiet'?
‘मौन रहने' का क्या महत्त्व है?
Ans. Keeping quiet doesn't mean keeping mute. It means that we should avoid all such activities which hurt nature and, in turn, harm us.
4. What is always alive when everything seems dead? जब सब कुछ मृत प्रतीत होता है, तब भी क्या जीवित रहता है?
A Thing of Beauty
Central idea of A thing of beauty
Central Idea of the Poem
'A Thing of Beauty' is an excerpt from 'Keats' first epic poem Endymion: A Poetic Romance. The poem is based on a Greek legend in which Endymion a young shepherd and a poet who lived in Mount Latmos, had a Vision of Cynthia the Moon Goddess. The enchanted youth resolved to seek her out and wandered through forest and sea. The theme of the poem is nature, beauty and youth. This excerpt voices the poet's eternal love for beauty where the poet says that the happiness provided by a beautiful object never fades but multiplies manifolds when it comes to our mind. Therefore, a thing of beauty is a joy forever.
'A Thing of Beauty' कीट्स के पहले महाकाव्य 'Endymion: A Poetic Romance' से लिया गया उद्धरण है। यह कविता ग्रीस की एक दन्तकथा पर आधारित है जिसमें माउण्ट लाटमॉस पर रहने वाला एक युवा चरवाहा एवं कवि एण्डिमिअन चन्द्रमा की देवी सिन्थिया की छवि देखता है। वह सम्मोहित युवक उस देवी को खोजने का संकल्प करता है एवं जंगलों तथा समुद्र में भटकता रहता है। कविता का विषय है- प्रकृति, सुन्दरता एवं युवावस्था। यह उद्धरण कवि के सुन्दरता के प्रति अमर प्रेम का प्रदर्शन करता है जहाँ कवि कहता है कि किसी भी सुन्दर वस्तु द्वारा प्रदान की गई प्रसन्नता कभी फीकी नहीं पड़ती, बल्कि वह कई गुना बढ़ जाती है, जब भी उस वस्तु का विचार हमारे मन में आता है। इस प्रकार, एक सुन्दर वस्तु सदा के लिए आनन्द का स्रोत बन जाती है।
EXTRACT BASED QUESTIONS
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
"A thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness; but will keep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing."A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
1. How does a thing of beauty give us everlasting joy?
एक सुन्दर वस्तु किस प्रकार हमें अनन्त आनन्द प्रदान करती है?
Ans. A thing of beauty gives us everlasting joy because its loveliness increases with time.
2. What is the effect of increase in its loveliness?
उसकी सुन्दरता में होने वाली वृद्धि का क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है?
Ans. The effect of increase in its loveliness is that it gives a peaceful sleep, provides good health and allows quiet breathing.
3. Which one example of the beauty of nature has the poet given here?
कवि ने यहाँ प्रकृति की सुन्दरता का कौन-सा एक उदाहरण दिया है?
Ans. The example of the beauty of nature the poet has given here is a quiet bower.
4. What kind of joy do we get from a quiet bower?
एक शान्त विश्राम स्थल से हमें कैसा आनन्द मिलता है?
Ans. From a quiet bower we get restful sleep full of sweet dreams, good health and quiet breathing.
Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the Earth. Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, Of all the unhealthy and o'er-darkened ways Made for our searching."
1. What are the flowery bands that bind us to Earth?
वे पुष्प मालाएँ क्या हैं जो हमें पृथ्वी से बाँधे रखती है?
Ans. Flowery bands refer to beautiful and pleasant things. The memory of these things remains in our minds and helps us
strengthen our bond with Earth.
2. What message do the above lines convey?
ऊपर दी गई पंक्तियाँ क्या सन्देश देती है?.
Ans. The above lines convey that life is full of hopelessness and sadness. There is lack of noble feelings amongst men. In spite of all this, some beautiful things help us to shed our sad and grim thoughts.
3. What is meant by 'spite' in the above lines?
उपरोक्त पंक्तियों में 'spite' शब्द का क्या अर्थ है?
Ans. 'Spite' here refers to malice. It means that in spite of despair and gloom, a beautiful thing or a flowery band can make us happy.
4. Describe the evil and bad things that we possess in us.
हमारे भीतर मौजूद हानिकारक एवं बुरी चीजों का वर्णन कीजिए।
Ans. We suffer from disappointments, lack of noble ways and noble qualities.
5. Why are we despondent?
हम निराश क्यों होते हैं?
Ans. Human life is full of trials and tribulations. We add to our troubles and make our lives more difficult by following evil ways. We hurt others as well as ourselves. This makes us despondent.
6. What removes 'the pall from our dark spirits"?
हमारी नकारात्मक भावनाओं से आवरण कौन हटाता है?
Ans. The various objects of beauty around us remove the pall from our dark spirits. Beautiful things have the power to make us happy.
"Such the Sun, the Moon,Trees old and young, sprouting a shady boon For simple sheep; and such are daffodils With the green world they live in; and clear rills That for themselves a cooling covert make 'Gainst the hot season."
1. List the things that give us joy. Which of these provide respite in the hot season?
उन वस्तुओं की सूची बनाइए जो हमें आनन्द देती हैं। इनमें से कौन सी वस्तु ग्रीष्म ऋतु में सुकून प्रदान करती है?
Ans. The various objects of nature, like the sun, the moon, old and young trees in forests, daffodils and clear water streams give us joy. Clear water streams, green surroundings and the shade of trees in forests give us respite from the heat.
2. Name the poem and the poet.
कविता एवं कवि का नाम लिखिए।
Ans. The poem is 'A Thing of Beauty' and the poet is John Keats.
3. Describe the role of daffodils and clear rills.
पीले पुष्पों एवं स्वच्छ सरिताओं की भूमिका की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Ans. Daffodils bloom in green surroundings. Clear rills are small streams which make a cooling shelter for us.
4. What is meant by the word 'Covert'?
शब्द 'Covert' का क्या अर्थ है?
Ans. The word 'Covert' means 'dense undergrowth of ferns or bush.'We have imagined for the mighty dead; All lovely tales that we have heard or read;
"And such too is the grandeur of the dooms An endless fountain of immortal drink, Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink."
1. Which two things of beauty are mentioned in these lines?
इन पंक्तियों में सुन्दरता की कौन-सी दो वस्तुओं का वर्णन किया गया है?
Ans. Beauty in death and the stories of ancestors, are mentioned in these lines.
2. Why are the lovely tales' called an endless fountain?
'सुन्दर कथाओं' को अनन्त झरना क्यों कहा गया है?
Ans. These lovely tales' are those heroic tales of our ancestors that fill us with joy and delight. It's beauty is everlasting and eternal. Hence, it is just like a ever-continuous fountain of joy that comes down from heaven.
3. Where is this fountain situated?
झरना कहाँ स्थित है?
Ans. The endless fountain is situated in the brink of heaven.
4. Explain: 'grandeur of the dooms'. व्याख्या कीजिए: 'grandeur of the dooms',
Ans. The 'grandeur of dooms' refers to the magnificence that we associate with our ancestors and the beautiful things created by them.
5. Who are the 'mighty dead' referred to here?
यहाँ किन 'mighty dead' की ओर संकेत किया गया है?
Ans. The 'mighty dead' referred to here are our great ancestors who are respected due to their glorious deeds.
Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
Central ideia of Aunt Jennifer's tigers
Central Idea of the Poem
In this poem, Adrienne Rich addresses the issue of male dominance. The poem brings out the struggles and conflicts a woman has to go through in a male dominant society. Aunt Jennifer, the protagonist, is symbolic of women all over the world, who are victims of oppression at the hands of the patriarchal system. Thus, the poem illustrates the poetess feminist concerns by presenting the wild,exotic, powerful tigers embroidered by Aunt Jennifer and contrasting them with Aunt Jennifer herself.
इस कविता में, एड्रियन रिच पुरुषों की प्रभुता के विषय पर चर्चा करती हैं। यह कविता एक पुरुष प्रधान समाज में महिलाओं के द्वारा वहन किए जा रहे संघर्षों एवं द्वन्द्व पर प्रकाश डालती है। इस कविता की नायिका, आण्टी जैनिफर, संसार की उन सभी स्त्रियों की प्रतीक हैं जो पुरुष-प्रधान समाज के द्वारा किए गए उत्पीड़न की शिकार हैं। इस प्रकार, यह कविता आण्टी जैनिफर द्वारा कशीदाकारी से बनाए गए जंगली, विशिष्ट एवं बलशाली बाघों की तुलना स्वयं आण्टी जैनिफर से करके कवयित्री की नारीवादी चिन्ताओं को दर्शाती है।
STANZA-WISE EXPLANATION OF THE POEM
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
"Aunt Jennifer's tigers prance across a screen,Bright topaz denizens of a world of green. They do not fear the men beneath the tree; They pace in sleek chivalric certainty."
1. How are Aunt Jennifer's tigers described?
आण्टी जैनिफर के बाघों का वर्णन किस प्रकार किया गया है?
Ans. Aunt Jennifer's tigers have been described as golden yellow in colour. They are bold and fearless as they prance across a screen with confidence.
2. Why are they described as denizens of a world of green?
बाघों को हरित वन का निवासी क्यों कहा गया है?
Ans. They have been described as denizens of a world of green because they live in dense green forests.
3. Why are they not afraid of men?
बाघ मनुष्यों (पुरुषों) से क्यों नहीं डरते?
Ans. Aunt Jennifer's tigers are a symbol of strength. They are not afraid of men because they are strong, bold and fearless.
3. Why are the tigers called Aunt Jennifer's tigers?
बाघों को आण्टी जैनिफर के बाघ क्यों कहा गया है?
Ans. The tigers are called Aunt Jennifer's tigers because they are Aunt Jennifer's creation and she has embroidered them. They are representative of her hidden aspirations and desires.
4. How are tigers different from Aunt Jennifer?
बाघ आण्टी जैनिफर से किस प्रकार भिन्न है?
Ans. They are different from Aunt Jennifer because they are shown as symbols of strength, fearlessness and confidence, whereas Aunt Jennifer has been shown as a timid woman burdened with marital responsibilities and lacking in confidence.
"Aunt Jennifer's fingers fluttering through her wool Find even the ivory needle hard to pull. The massive weight of Uncle's wedding band Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer's hands."
1. What is Aunt Jennifer's mood?
आण्टी जैनिफर की मनोदशा कैसी है?
Ans. Aunt Jennifer's mood is anxious and fearful. She is feeling terrorised by her marital responsibilities.
2. Why are her fingers fluttering?
उनकी अंगुलियाँ क्यों कँपकँपा रही है?
Ans. Her fingers are fluttering and she finds the ivory needle hard to pull as she is nervous because of her husband.
3. What is Uncle's wedding band?
अंकल की शादी की अंगूठी क्या है?
Ans. Uncle's wedding band is the wedding ring that Aunt Jennifer wears..
4. Why is Uncle's wedding band heavy?
वह अंकल की शादी की अंगूठी भारी क्यों है?
Ans. It is heavy because it metaphorically represents restrictions and challenges in Aunt Jennifer's married life due to her husband's domination over her.
"When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie. Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by. The tigers in the panel that she made Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid."
1. What is the difference between her and the tigers?
आण्टी एवं बाघों में क्या असमानताएँ हैं?
Ans. Aunt Jennifer is quite weak and submissive, whereas the tigers are strong, bold and powerful. She is bound by the constraints of her married life, while the tigers are free to move about in the green forests.
2. Why has Aunt Jennifer created the tigers so different from her own character?
आण्टी जैनिफर ने स्वयं के चरित्र से इतने भिन्न बाघों का सृजन क्यों किया?
Ans. The tigers created by Aunt Jennifer are an expression of her desire to free herself from the constaints of her married life. She wants to be bold and fearless like her tigers.
3. What will happen to her tigers after her death? उनकी मृत्यु के पश्चात् उनके बाघों का क्या होगा?
Ans. The tigers are eternal. They will keep on prancing even after her death. She probably wants to convey that the tigers i.e., men, will sti fearless and the condition of women will not change.
4. What did she do to face the terror?
उन्होंने भय का सामना करने के लिए क्या किया?
Ans. To face the terror she embroidered tigers on the panel.
5. What does the word, 'prancing' mean?
शब्द 'prancing' का क्या अर्थ है?
Ans. The word, 'prancing' means 'jumping', 'dancing' or 'moving about'.
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👉👉👉Figures of speech with example
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ये भी देखें 👉👉भी👉👉
ये भी देखे 👉👉👉👉
ये भी देखे 👉👉👉👉
👉👉👉
👉essay on lockdown samasya aur samadhan
👉👉👉
👉एकल खाते को ज्वाइंट खाते में बलवाने हेतू
👉👉👉
👉application for issuing new bank passbook
👉👉👉transfer of bank account to another branch
👉👉👉essay on global warming
यदि आपको हमारी पोस्ट पसन्द आई हो तो अपने दोस्तो को भी शेयर करें यदि आपको कुछ पूछना है तो कॉमेंट करके जरुर बताएं यदि आपने अभी तक हमारे यूट्यूब चैनल Subhansh classes को subscribe नही किया हो तो अभी जल्दी से subscribe krlijia
